BankAtlas
BankAtlas Research · Companion to Q2 2026

Measure Definitions & Denominators

Definitions, components and denominators for the balance-sheet measures used in the U.S. Banking Risk Quarterly, Q2 2026, stated as the analytical pipeline actually constructs them.

This companion does not change any reported value, finding or conclusion. It is an addendum to disclosure, not an amendment to analysis. The published report, its figures and its PDF are unchanged.

How to read every cell

Level. The LEVEL is the raw, untransformed cross-sectional median of the measure among reporting institutions in that cohort for the stated quarter.
Change. The CHANGE is the median of BANK-LEVEL year-over-year changes on the matched panel -- institutions reporting in BOTH periods. It is a median of differences, not a difference of medians, so the two levels shown will not generally subtract to the change shown.
Winsorization. Where a ratio can be destabilized by a near-zero denominator, CHANGES are winsorized at the 0.5th and 99.5th percentiles of a calibration population fixed before results were inspected. Levels are shown raw. Only measures marked as winsorized below are affected.
Flat Band. A movement smaller than the flat band is counted as unchanged rather than as favorable or adverse. The band is calibrated on the historical distribution of bank-level changes, not chosen per measure.

Balance-sheet measures

CRE concentration

CRE, % of loans

Numerator
Commercial real-estate loans held for investment
Denominator
Total loans and leases, gross
Unit
percent of total loans
Sign convention
Higher is more pressure. A concentration measure.
Transform
None. Levels and changes both shown raw.
Level shown
Raw cross-sectional median for the quarter.
Change shown
Median of bank-level year-over-year changes, matched panel.
Applicability
All FDIC-insured institutions reporting a loan-category breakdown.

This measure INCLUDES owner-occupied nonfarm nonresidential loans. The 2006 interagency guidance on CRE concentrations excludes owner-occupied properties from its supervisory screening criteria, so the BankAtlas measure is deliberately broader than that regulatory test and is not comparable to it. It also includes farmland, which some market definitions exclude. 1-4 family residential construction is NOT included.

Credit deterioration

Non-performing loans, % of loans

Numerator
Loans and leases 90 or more days past due and still accruing, plus loans and leases in nonaccrual status
Denominator
Total loans and leases, gross
Unit
percent of total loans
Sign convention
Higher is more pressure. A credit-deterioration measure.
Transform
None. Levels and changes both shown raw.
Level shown
Raw cross-sectional median for the quarter.
Change shown
Median of bank-level year-over-year changes, matched panel.
Applicability
All FDIC-insured institutions reporting past-due and nonaccrual balances.

Other real estate owned (OREO) is EXCLUDED; foreclosed property is no longer a loan. A separate BankAtlas measure, the Texas ratio, adds OREO back. Loans 30-89 days past due are excluded from this measure. Where the reported totals are absent for a filer, the totals are summed from the fourteen loan-category components of the same schedule rather than dropped.

Liquidity

Liquid assets, % of assets

Numerator
Cash and balances due from depository institutions, plus U.S. Treasury securities
Denominator
Total assets
Unit
percent of total assets
Sign convention
Higher is LESS pressure. A liquidity measure.
Transform
None. Levels and changes both shown raw.
Level shown
Raw cross-sectional median for the quarter.
Change shown
Median of bank-level year-over-year changes, matched panel.
Applicability
All FDIC-insured institutions reporting balance-sheet and securities detail.

READ THIS MEASURE NARROWLY. It is cash and Treasuries only. It EXCLUDES agency and government-sponsored-enterprise mortgage-backed securities, agency debentures, municipal securities, federal funds sold, and securities purchased under agreements to resell. Because most community-bank securities portfolios are concentrated in agency MBS and municipals, the measure runs far below any Basel-style high-quality-liquid-assets figure and below most market definitions of liquidity: the 2026Q2 median is roughly 1.9% of assets, against total securities of roughly 17.5% of assets. It is a deliberately conservative same-definition-across-time comparison, NOT a regulatory liquidity ratio and NOT an estimate of liquidity adequacy.

Funding stability

Core deposits, % of assets

Numerator
Core deposits, taken as reported rather than computed by BankAtlas
Denominator
Total assets
Unit
percent of total assets
Sign convention
Higher is LESS pressure. A funding-stability measure.
Transform
None. Levels and changes both shown raw.
Level shown
Raw cross-sectional median for the quarter.
Change shown
Median of bank-level year-over-year changes, matched panel.
Applicability
Institutions with a published uniform performance report. Filers without one are absent from this row rather than imputed.

PROVENANCE DIFFERS FROM EVERY OTHER MEASURE ON THIS EXHIBIT. This ratio is taken as published in the supervisory reporting framework rather than computed by BankAtlas from underlying detail. That definition is set by the regulator and has changed over time; BankAtlas does not restate prior periods to a single vintage of it. Both the numerator and the denominator are internal to the published concept, so the ratio is consumed whole.

Securities losses

Unrealized securities losses, % of tangible equity

Numerator
Combined unrealized gain or loss on the securities portfolio: held-to-maturity fair value less amortized cost, plus available-for-sale fair value less amortized cost
Denominator
Tangible equity: total bank equity capital less intangible assets
Unit
percent of tangible equity
Sign convention
Higher is LESS pressure. The value is normally NEGATIVE, because it is a net loss position. A POSITIVE change therefore means the value moved toward zero -- unrealized losses SHRANK. It does not mean losses were incurred.
Transform
Changes winsorized at -113.3625 to 20.0756, calibrated on 593,129 bank-quarters. Levels shown raw.
Level shown
Raw cross-sectional median for the quarter.
Change shown
Median of bank-level year-over-year changes, matched panel.
Applicability
Institutions reporting both amortized cost and fair value for at least one of the HTM and AFS portfolios.

DENOMINATOR. Total bank equity capital includes perpetual preferred stock, so this is tangible equity, NOT tangible common equity. Intangible assets are taken as the combined reported line and include goodwill. The choice of denominator is material for larger banks, where intangibles are a median 16.9% of equity: at >$100B the 2026Q2 median is -12.45% of tangible equity against -9.43% of total equity. It is immaterial below $10B, where the median bank carries no intangibles.

NUMERATOR. The available-for-sale component is already recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income and so is already reflected in the denominator; the held-to-maturity component is not recognized on the balance sheet at all. The measure deliberately combines a recognized and an unrecognized amount to show total mark-to-market exposure, which is why it is not equal to any single reported capital or equity line.

Capital

Equity, % of assets

Numerator
Total bank equity capital
Denominator
Total assets
Unit
percent of total assets
Sign convention
Higher is LESS pressure. A capital measure.
Transform
None. Levels and changes both shown raw.
Level shown
Raw cross-sectional median for the quarter.
Change shown
Median of bank-level year-over-year changes, matched panel.
Applicability
All FDIC-insured institutions.

This row uses TOTAL equity, undeducted. The unrealized-securities-losses row on the same exhibit uses TANGIBLE equity. The two denominators are deliberately different and the rows are not directly comparable: this measure answers how much equity funds the balance sheet, while the securities measure answers how large the mark is relative to loss-absorbing equity that survives a write-off of intangibles.

This is a leverage measure computed from the balance sheet. It is NOT a regulatory capital ratio: it is not risk-weighted, and it is neither CET1 nor the community bank leverage ratio.

Supplemental measures

Funding structure

Uninsured deposits, % of deposits

Numerator
Estimated deposits not covered by federal deposit insurance
Denominator
Total deposits
Unit
percent of total deposits
Sign convention
Higher is more pressure. A funding-structure measure.
Transform
None. Levels and changes both shown raw.
Level shown
Raw cross-sectional median for the quarter.
Change shown
Median of bank-level year-over-year changes, matched panel.
Applicability
Filers reporting the uninsured-deposit estimate. Coverage is materially incomplete among the smallest institutions.

SUPPLEMENTAL, NOT CORE. Reporting of the uninsured-deposit estimate is not uniform across the filer population, so this row is shown for context and is held to the same coverage gate as every other row: its <$1B cell FAILED that gate for 2026Q2 and is not claimed. The figure is an institution's own estimate, not a measured amount.

Labels clarified for future issues

Two labels in the Q2 2026 report were under-specified. The measures themselves, their computation and every published figure are unchanged; only the wording of the label is corrected, and only from the next issue forward. Both are listed here so the published report can be reconciled against this page directly.

MeasureAs published, Q2 2026 Corrected label
npl_loansNon-performing loans, %Non-performing loans, % of loans
combined_unreal_eqCombined unrealized, % of equityUnrealized securities losses, % of tangible equity